Spring

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Spring Framework :

Spring is a lightweight framework. 
Spring Framework is a Java platform that provides comprehensive infrastructure support for developing Java applications. 
Spring handles the infrastructure so you can focus on your application.

it provides support to various frameworks such as Struts, Hibernate, Tapestry, EJB, JSF, etc. 
The framework, can be defined as a structure where we find solution of the various technical problems.

Spring enables you to build applications from “plain old Java objects” (POJOs) and to apply enterprise services non-invasively to POJOs. 
This capability applies to the Java SE programming model and to full and partial Java EE.

Modules :
The Spring Framework consists of features organized into about 20 modules. 
These modules are grouped into Core Container, Data Access/Integration, Web, 
AOP (Aspect Oriented Programming), Instrumentation, and Test, as shown in the following diagram.






1.1 Core Container
The Core Container consists of the Core, Beans, Context, and Expression Language modules.

The Core and Beans modules provide the fundamental parts of the framework, including the IoC and Dependency Injection features. 
The BeanFactory is a sophisticated implementation of the factory pattern. 
It removes the need for programmatic singletons and allows you to decouple the configuration and specification of dependencies from your actual program logic.

 Dependency Injection :
 Through which the Spring container "injects" objects into other objects or "dependencies". 
Simply put, this allows for loose coupling of components and moves the responsibility of managing components onto the container.
Ref : https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/coupling-in-java/
Inversion of Control (IoC) :
component addresses this concern by providing a formalized means of composing disparate components into a fully working application ready for use. 
The Spring Framework codifies formalized design patterns as first-class objects that you can integrate into your own application(s). 
Numerous organizations and institutions use the Spring Framework in this manner to engineer robust, maintainable applications.



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